那么，正好

美国海军技术网（Naval Technology）

于今年4月24日就

发布了一篇论述护卫舰和驱逐舰区别的文章

以它为基础

小军在此

遥给这位大英子民普及一下

Frigate护卫舰和Destroyer驱逐舰

到底有什么区别：

、

Frigates have a long history back to the sailing era.

护卫舰的历史可追溯到15世纪起的帆船时代。

起初，它是一艘轻便的小快船

light nimble(灵活) ship

built for the purpose of sailing swiftly(快的)

而destroyers驱逐舰早期的称谓是

"torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs)鱼雷艇驱逐舰

顾名思义

就是为了destroy torpedo boat击沉驱逐鱼雷艇的

而到了一战时期

各国海军都将其名简化

the name was shortened to simply "destroyer"

最早的destroyer是1887年服役的

西班牙Destructor“破坏者”号

西班牙海军用来打击鱼雷艇的“破坏者号”驱逐舰，由英国汤姆森公司设计制造，于1887年交付给西班牙海军使用。

Similarities

相似之处

进化到现在

Frigate和Destroyer的功能几乎重叠

比如，都有快速机动性（quick maneuverability）

都有一定的防空、反舰、反潜能力

可保护大型舰艇（如航空母舰）抵御海陆空威胁

（Escort(护航) and protect larger vessels from air, surface and underwater threats）

都是多功能舰艇（multi-role vessel）

Differences

不同之处

“The key distinction between frigates and destroyers is size and, by

extension, function,” says Dr Sidharth Kaushal, a research fellow at the

Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.

英国皇家国防联合研究所国防安全研究员施坦·考沙尔博士介绍：“护卫舰和驱逐舰最关键的区别在于大小，再就是功能。”

Size：

驱逐舰一般要比护卫舰更大，但也不是绝对。

Frigates these days weigh anything from 2000 - 5000 tons,

Destroyers are in the range of 5000 – 8000.

护卫舰的吨位一般是2000-5000吨

驱逐舰为5000-8000吨。

There are many exceptions to this general rule

with some frigates larger than some destroyers.

但这不是绝对，有的护卫舰要比驱逐舰还大。

Speed：

Frigates are generally slower than destroyers

although in modern times there is not a significant difference.

一般而言，驱逐舰要比护卫舰更快，但差别不是很明显。

Armament：

在舰载武器装备上

驱逐舰通常装备两个推进器（two screws /propellers）

两个推进引擎（two propulsion engines）

两个发电机（two generators）

两个引擎室（two engine rooms）

装有一门主舰炮（one main gun）

和各型导弹（and lots of missiles）

including anti-ship, surface-to-air, and cruise missiles

包括反舰导弹、防空导弹、巡航导弹等

It carries more powerful high-resolution radar

and a larger number of vertical launch cells

安装有更强的高分辨型雷达、更多的垂直发射单元

Modern destroyers often have a helicopter pad as well

现代驱逐舰大多会有舰载直升机后甲板

而护卫舰只有less offensive power(较小攻击力)

通常只有一个推进器（one screw）

一个推进装置（one propulsion plant）

装有一门舰炮（one small gun）

和部分导弹（some of the same missiles as destroyers）

just fewer of them and typically no long-range cruise missiles

但是，一般是中短程导弹，而非远程巡航导弹

They sometimes have a helicopter pad.

有少数护卫舰设有舰载直升机甲板

Capabilities：

Its primary mission in the US Navy is to

escort and defend Carriers and large Amphibious ships.

美军的驱逐舰主要任务是为航母或大型两栖舰保驾护航。

It can be called to operate independently of the main fleet

(when hunting enemy targets) or in support of the main fleet.

在作战功能上，驱逐舰可以在舰队的

前方独立作战，打击敌人，或支援舰队的整体作战。

It can provide theatre wide air and missile defence

(for forces such as a carrier battle group and typically serve this function.)

它可以为航母战斗群等大型水面作战力量

提供战区广域范围内的防空防导。

除了参与防空战AAW(Anti-aircraft warfare)

反水面战ASuW(Anti-surface warfare)

反潜战ASW (anti-submarine warfare)

It had specialization in long range AAW

[Ballistic Missile Defence sometimes too]

and Long Range Land Attack Capability

with help of Land Attack Cruise Missiles.

驱逐舰还有超强的远程防空作战（弹道导弹防御）能力，

具有远程对地打击能力。

护卫舰有同样的保驾护航任务

但是一般没有远程对地打击能力

A Frigate will have the same missions, sans the land attack.

它的主要任务是反潜

It often is specialized in antisubmarine warfare.

“Frigates, being a smaller vessel can provide limited air defence to themselves and nearby vessels but are not particularly well suited to theatre air defence,” says Kaushal.

考沙尔博士介绍，“护卫舰更小，一般用于为自身和周围舰艇提供有限的防空防御，但并不适用于较大战区范围内的空防。”

“They tend to be utilized primarily for anti-submarine warfare roles as well as providing short range air defence as part of a larger surface group.”

护卫舰的主要任务是反潜，并为大型水面作战群提供近程防空防御。

Cost：

当然，驱逐舰更贵——

Typically, 2 or 3 Frigates can be built for the cost of 1 Destroyer.

一般来说，1艘驱逐舰的成本能建造2或3艘护卫舰。